Chat with us, powered by LiveChat Describe how you encounter rhetoric in your daily life. Refer to concepts covered in class and Herrick this week. For example, you might write about the social functions of rhetoric: how do - NursingEssays

Describe how you encounter rhetoric in your daily life. Refer to concepts covered in class and Herrick this week. For example, you might write about the social functions of rhetoric: how do

 Question: In 200 to 250 words describe how you encounter rhetoric in your daily life. Refer to concepts covered in class and Herrick this week. For example, you might write about the social functions of rhetoric: how do you experience them in your life? Or how are you aware of rhetoric's use of symbolic meanings? 

Contemporary Rhetoric III: Texts, Power, Alternatives

Chapter 11

Contemporary Rhetoric III: Texts, Power, Alternatives Review

Postmodern criticism

Feminism and rhetoric: Critique and reform

Comparative rhetoric

Tokenism

Postmodern Criticism

Reaction to intellectual values of European Enlightenment

Distrusted:

Fixed meanings of symbols

Trust in sense perception

Direct observation

Authority of individual seeking truth

Nietzsche (God is Dead)

Deconstruction -> Reconstruction

Simulation, as French theorist Jean Baudrillard puts it, "is the generation of models of a real without original or reality”. We live in an age where cultural signs float in popular culture in a complex web of meaning, where images abound so quickly as to take on new and different sign-meanings. We now live in a world that Baudrillard calls "hyperreality," where we have a hard time of telling what’s real apart from what’s a simulation–or a simulation of a simulation.

Philosopher, historian, semiotician, and social critic.

# main areas of writings:

History of the notion of insanity

Development of human sciences

Power, knowledge and discourse

Michel Foucault

Investigated relationship

Pondered how power installs itself and produces material effects

Sees power as complex ways in which language is employed

Power and Discourse

Power depends on which ideas prevail at the moment:

Who is criminal?

Who is mentally ill?

How do we speak about them?

How should these people be treated or punished? Who decides?

Discourse and Knowledge

Power

Flows from discourse

Inseparable from knowledge

Matter of which ideas prevail

Discourse

More than symbolic representation of objective facts

Partially produces reality

Systems of discourse control

How we think

What we claim to know

(You may know something but no one cares or considers it important)

Escape and Surveillance

We are constantly under surveillance by wielding power

Panopticism

Sought to reveal how knowledge and power constrain freedom

How to escape constraints

Culture’s collective discourse was an archaeological artifact

Archaeology as the description of an archive

Sought to demonstrate that the present is not inevitable

How we talk, how we think, what we say reorganizes knowledge

– e.g. discourse on mental illness, race, sexuality – what can be said

Archaeology of Knowledge

Discourse that is controlled by being prohibited

Only that which can be discussed can be known

Excluded Discourse

Jacques Derrida

French philosopher

Advanced a wide-ranging analysis of hidden operations of language

Language cannot escape built-in biases of cultural history that produced it

Goals in developing deconstructive approach:

Reveal hidden mechanisms influencing meaning

Demonstrate concealed power of symbols

Underline how no one escapes elusive qualities of language

Purpose

Reveal blind spots of argument

Examine opposition embedded in discourse

Reveal logical incoherence of central concepts

Deconstruction

Habermas

Modernist project establishing supremacy of rationality

Seeks to stabilize discourse

Derrida

Postmodern in undermining foundation of Western rationalism

Seeks to deconstruct discourse

Derrida vs. Habermas

Responses

Critics of this approach:

Misinterpreted as warranting dismantling of written texts

Theory likened to an intellectual computer virus

Nothing more critical to traditional disciplines than assumption of fixed meanings

Feminism and Rhetoric

Vast majority of writers shaping field of study were men

Foucault’s work has served to free readers for

New possibilities of self-understanding

New modes of experience

New forms of subjectivity, authority, political theory

Loss of Women’s Voices

Rhetoric

Destructive influence on fortunes of women in West

Effectively created perception that women function best biologically

Supporting patriarchy

Sonja Foss

Women’s experiences different from men’s

Women’s voices not heard in language

Inquiry into rhetorical process is inquiry into men’s experiences

Women not incorporated into language

Perceptions

Experiences

Meanings

Practices

Values

Foucault would argue

Women denied voice in culture; denied access to power and rhetoric

Women and Language

Loss of women’s meanings

Loss of women as members of social world

Prevented from passing on tradition of women’s meanings to world

Cannot be equal participants if language code doesn’t serve them equally

Impact of Exclusion of Women

Feminist perspective on rhetoric

Reconceptualize traditions established without consideration of gender

Extends to other marginalized groups

Reconceptualizing Rhetoric

Seeks to change silence or degrading of women

Feminist rhetorical criticism is activist

Designed to improve women’s (people’s?) lives

Constructing Gender Rhetorically

Call into question the standard, male-dominated history of rhetoric

Rhetoric propounded by male theorists

Persuasion – trying to change people

Makes rhetoric aggressive and violent

Rhetoric as Conquest

Works, Texts, and the Work of Reading

Feminist rhetorical criticism

Excavating and revaluing women’s texts

Draw out dominant meanings that suppress alternate meanings

Textual deconstruction

More than one reading of an artifact

Reading text in way that exposes dominant culture

Assists in generating resistant readings that modify dominant meaning

And now…where I am annoyed by our text…

Comparative and African Rhetoric

Comparative

Western rhetoric values the authority of single speaker, Individual in possession of knowledge

Other cultures reveal this model as only one of many possibilities

African

Men sit together

Praise-singing

Hailing heroic deeds of ancestors

Northern Ghana

Bagre: speech arranged in story form

image1.jpeg

image2.png

image3.png

image4.png

image5.png

image6.png

image7.png

image8.png

image9.png

image10.png

image11.png

image12.png

image13.png

image14.png

image15.png

image16.png

image17.png

image18.png

image19.png

image20.jpeg

image21.png

image22.jpeg

image23.png

image24.png

image25.png

image26.png

image27.png

image28.png

image29.png

image30.png

image31.png

image32.png

image33.jpeg

image34.png

image35.png

image36.png

Are you struggling with this assignment?

Our team of qualified writers will write an original paper for you. Good grades guaranteed! Complete paper delivered straight to your email.

Place Order Now